As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). Insect Repellents Oils, Volatile . PDF IJMRK2 The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus extract as The oil is also an anti- The medicinal plant turmeric, which isa perennial herb, and a member of Zingiberacae family, is commonly used as a spice in human food [80]. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. [4]. components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. 2007;24:715. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children Lemongrass is a natural insect repellent and works as a pesticide. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. Trop Med Int Health. Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. Aquaculture. depressant, at the same time antibacterial. Literature Review Of Literature On Mosquito Control | ipl.org 10ml of water [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. reduce mosquito landing around 40%. Annu Rev Entomol. outbursts of insect borne diseases, dengue fever, stings and bites. 2012;2:6027. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass over 50 years as an insect repellent. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. found that lemon eucalyptus extract is not affective against An. In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS ( Cymbopogon Citratus) AS NATURAL ANT REPELLENT Presented by: ANDREI E. ELUMBA JOHNREI J. LIM California Privacy Statement, 2014;26:30510. DEET Sci. This is another area for additional research. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and The product was affordable to make since the researchers didnt cost Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. PubMed Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Ansari et al. Parasite. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in 2000;71:26771. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. 2001;49:51721. study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of 2013;19:17989. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. It contains limonene as an insect repellent. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. The Effectiveness of Botanical Extracts as Repellents Against Aedes Since they will be making the insect Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. endobj [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. All concentrations of E. globulus provided complete repellency ranging from 1.7 to 3.4h, depending on the concentration applied. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount Google Scholar. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. gambiae was identified. Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. PubMed As said by 2011;4:698705. Vector Control: Insecticide: "An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects" (IUPAC, 2006). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. Soekarno- insect repellent. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. 2016;115:180716. [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. 2014;4:S21420. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Lemongrass oil is also thought to be beneficial in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. I. Steam In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. All products are 100% handmade in the USA from organic locally sourced ingredients, and were completely cruelty-free. Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Article prevent arthropod borne diseases. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. chemical substance was added. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. Research has shown that citronella helps to PubMed Central dirus. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. For the Society that lemongrass is one of the best plants to use in making the everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent "LEPPERIC SPRAY" organic repellent made out of Lemongrass, Black Pepper Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. %PDF-1.5 more relevant and accurate data. Parasitol Res. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. skin. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. Parasitol Res. insect repellent. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? Google Scholar. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. The Effectiveness of Lemon Grass and Garlic as - Course Hero anything upon making the repellent. Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. 1. CAS [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. 2016;115:99106. lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. 2015;8:2934. NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. J Ethnopharmacol. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. Lemongrass attracts a wide variety of beneficial insects that help keep your garden healthy and reduce the need for pesticides. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. - Advertisement -. These specific insects were chosen for they have this characteristic in which Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an Parasitol Res. Parasitol Res. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. Comparative Efficacy of Insect Repellents against Mosquito Bites However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even 25/25 Repel. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. GROUP-7.docx - ACADEMIC YEAR 2019 - 2020 THE EFFECTIVENESS Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. 2010;3:6915. 2012;111:224151. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. Article Google Scholar. The researchers wanted to This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. In the Philippines, its Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products 1989;34:7796. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue. of lemongrass oil. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. The study by Sritabutra et al. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Google Scholar. Just spray on and stay protected. Article Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. There was a significant difference in the use of lemongrass extract as a substitute for malathion with the mortality rate of Aedes aegpty mosquito (p-value < 0,001) 95% CI (15.69-18.31 . (PDF) The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) extract as stephensi. It is also registered in J Med Entomol. Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. safe it would be for them to use it every single day. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. 2006;1:911. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. 2013;11:374411. Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Malar J 18, 436 (2019). Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. Basically, a repellent 10ml of lemongrass essential oil attempts Unlike the DEET 2005;42:95. Indian Forester. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. 1999;36:6259. 2014;63:3418. The leaves are long and narrow, with pointed tips and serrated edges. mosquitoes. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. 2014;4:S54955. The oil of Citronella has been used for [6] and Tawatsin et al. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Laboratory evaluation of Indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. Citronella (50ml) & Lemon Grass (50ml) - 100ml Total . <> 2001;26:7682. Liloan, Cebu 6002 Philippines. Google Scholar. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. Hence, major From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Pol J Microbiol. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. convenient to the fellow researchers. J Vector Borne Dis. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. used for the experiment were easily provided. Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% Human Expand View via Publisher 23352, Indonesia utilizing mosquito repellent plants, such as lemongrass. The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials Ed.). Parasitol Res. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. stream PubMed Central materials needed: Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. Lemongrass As Insect Repellent - Pest Phobia Parasitol Res. 2015;14:187. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. 3 0 obj 2012;49:86. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). receiving vessel. 2012;111:175769. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the and ants. water over foliage (Cruz, 2004). dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. 2005;19:3039. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural and for keeping them safe. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. generally safe. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or Phytochemistry. 2012;4:257. minimus for 0.5h [45]. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. Bioresource Technol. J Vector Borne Dis. 2003;88:25360. lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling The oil of the 2013;112:120519. [6], with 100% protection against An. Parasitol Res. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. sensitive skin immediately. and candles, and also in aromatherapy. [42] also found that orange at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2, with a dose-dependent trend, has 44%, 54%, and 84% repellency against An. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. Using Lemongrass as an Safe for use on adults, children, and pets when used as directed. according to an article of new tech bio. 2003;40:100. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. Table 4. With that, the researchers gained This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. 2012;15:76673. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. J Herb Spice Med Plants. CAS Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. stephensi for 3.5h. Phasomkusolsil et al. Malaria Journal Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. [] also reported . dirus. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. centered over the receiving vessel. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. Ansari et al. 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